| Properties |
Values |
Contributor |
Comments |
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01_Subject Verb
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Yes |
Hilda Koopman |
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02_Verb Subject
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No |
Hilda Koopman |
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Words: nitie kombe adek e ot Gloss: NITIE chair three LOC house Translation: there are three chairs in the house Comment: Subjects always precede verbs, regardless of definiteness. Indefinite subjects follow the existential predicate, nitie, definite subjects precede. Nitie lacks verbal morphology. Contributor: Hilda Koopman |
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03_Verb Object
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Yes |
Hilda Koopman |
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04_Object Verb
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No |
Hilda Koopman |
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05_Subject Verb Object
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Yes |
Hilda Koopman |
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06_Subject Object Verb
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No |
Hilda Koopman |
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07_Verb Subject Object
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No |
Hilda Koopman |
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08_Verb Object Subject
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No |
Hilda Koopman |
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+
09_Object Subject Verb
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Yes |
Hilda Koopman |
Yes, fits the definition (neutral context, no passive) cf example |
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Words: ere manyien? Onge wach. En mana ni Achieng guok o.kay.o Gloss: where ma.new? NEG.exist word. 3s.cop MANA that Achieng dog 3SPERF.bit.perf Translation: What happened? Nothing. Except that a dog bit Achieng. (maybe closer to: Achieng got dog-bitten) Comment: The object is clearly fronted, and represents new information. The predicate is otherwise active, with both the subject and the object precede the verb. This is also an answer to a "what happened today" question: angoma o.timoro kawuono (what SA.PERF.happen.MID today?. Answer: Achieng guok okayo. Contributor: Hilda Koopman |
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10_Object Verb Subject
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No |
Hilda Koopman |
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11_Adposition Noun_Phrase
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Yes |
Hilda Koopman |
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12_Noun_Phrase Adposition
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No |
Hilda Koopman |
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13_Adjective Noun
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No |
Hilda Koopman |
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14_Noun Adjective
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Yes |
Hilda Koopman |
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15_Numeral Noun
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No |
Hilda Koopman |
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16_Noun Numeral
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Yes |
Hilda Koopman |
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17_Demonstrative Noun
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No |
Hilda Koopman |
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18_Noun Demonstrative
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Yes |
Hilda Koopman |
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19_Possessor Noun
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No |
Hilda Koopman |
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20_Noun Possessor
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Yes |
Hilda Koopman |
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21_Pronominal Possessor Noun
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No |
Hilda Koopman |
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22_Noun Pronominal Possessor
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Yes |
Hilda Koopman |
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A 01_Attributive Adjective Agreement
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Yes |
Hilda Koopman |
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A 02_Predicate Adjective Agreement
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No |
Hilda Koopman |
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A 03_Degree Adjective
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Yes |
Hilda Koopman |
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A 04_Adjective Degree
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No |
Hilda Koopman |
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AuxSel 01_Auxiliary Selection
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NA |
Hilda Koopman |
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C 01_Complementizer Clause
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Yes |
Hilda Koopman |
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C 02_Clause Complementizer
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No |
Hilda Koopman |
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C 03_Adverbial_Subordinator Clause
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Yes |
Hilda Koopman |
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C 04_Clause Adverbial Subordinator
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No |
Hilda Koopman |
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Extra Examples
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No |
Hilda Koopman |
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N2 01_Numeral Noun (indefinite)
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No |
Hilda Koopman |
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+
N2 02_Noun Numeral (indefinite)
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Yes |
Hilda Koopman |
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Words: nitie kombe adek e ot Gloss: there.are chairs three in house Translation: there are three chairs in the house Contributor: Hilda Koopman |
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Words: né ! nitie ngaw adek e ndara Gloss: Look.imp! there.is bushbuck three on road Translation: Watch out! there are three bushbucks on the road Contributor: Hilda Koopman |
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N2 03_Numeral Noun (definite)
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No |
Hilda Koopman |
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N2 04_Noun Numeral (definite)
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Yes |
Hilda Koopman |
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Words: barupe angwen go nyo o.bir.o nyoro Gloss: letter.PL four those PAST(yesterday) arrived yesterday Translation: those four letters arrived yesterday Comment: In this context, the Dem (go) is required; the plural gi (plural) is not sufficient (see next example)) Contributor: Hilda Koopman |
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Words: pichni adek gi ineno nade Gloss: pictures three PL.def 2S.see how Translation: what do you think about the three paintings Comment: In this context, the (definite) plural article is natural Contributor: Hilda Koopman |
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N2 05_Definite NP (Num N, N Num) has a definite article
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Yes |
Hilda Koopman |
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N2 06_Definite NP (Num N, N Num) has a demonstrative
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Yes |
Hilda Koopman |
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N2 07_Definite NP (Num N, N Num) lacks a definite article or demonstrative
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No |
Hilda Koopman |
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N2 08_Definite NP (Num N, N Num) contains a Plural marker, but Indefinite NP does not
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No |
Hilda Koopman |
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N2 09_Definite NP (Num N, N Num) contains any other marking
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No |
Hilda Koopman |
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N2 10_The Numeral has a different form in Definite and Indefinite (Num N, N Num) contexts
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No |
Hilda Koopman |
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N2 11_The Noun has a different form in Definite and Indefinite (Num N, N Num) contexts
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No |
Hilda Koopman |
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Neg 01_Standard Negation is Particle that Precedes the Verb
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Yes |
Hilda Koopman |
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Neg 02_Standard Negation is Particle that Follows the verb
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No |
Hilda Koopman |
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Neg 03_Standard Negation is Prefix
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No |
Hilda Koopman |
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Neg 04_Standard Negation is Suffix
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No |
Hilda Koopman |
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Neg 05_Standard Negation is Negative Auxiliary verb
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Yes |
Hilda Koopman |
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Neg 06_Standard Negation is Higher verb
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No |
Hilda Koopman |
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Neg 07_Standard Negation is Tone
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No |
Hilda Koopman |
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Neg 08_Standard Negation is Tone plus Other Modification
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No |
Hilda Koopman |
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Neg 09_Standard Negation is Reduplication
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No |
Hilda Koopman |
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Neg 10_Standard Negation is Infix
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No |
Hilda Koopman |
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Neg 11_Distinct Negation of Class/Property
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No |
Hilda Koopman |
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Neg 12_Distinct Negation of identity
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No |
Hilda Koopman |
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Neg 13_Distinct Negation of Existence
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Yes |
Hilda Koopman |
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Neg 14_Distinct Negation of Location
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Yes |
Hilda Koopman |
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Order N3 01_ Demonstrative Adjective Noun
|
No |
Hilda Koopman |
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Order N3 02_Demonstrative Noun Adjective
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No |
Hilda Koopman |
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Order N3 03_ Noun Adjective Demonstrative
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Yes |
Hilda Koopman |
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Order N3 04_Noun Demonstrative Adjective
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No |
Hilda Koopman |
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Order N3 05_Adjective Demonstrative Noun
|
No |
Hilda Koopman |
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Order N3 06_Adjective Noun Demonstrative
|
No |
Hilda Koopman |
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Order N3 07_Demonstrative Numeral Noun
|
No |
Hilda Koopman |
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Order N3 08_Demonstrative Noun Numeral
|
No |
Hilda Koopman |
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+
Order N3 09_ Noun Numeral Demonstrative
|
Yes |
Hilda Koopman |
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Words: buge adek gi ineno nango Gloss: book.pl three PL 2S.see.o how Translation: ‘What do you think about these three books? Comment: gi (also plural) used as prox demonstratives Contributor: Hilda Koopman |
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Order N3 10_Noun Demonstrative Numeral
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No |
Hilda Koopman |
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Order N3 11_Numeral Demonstrative Noun
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No |
Hilda Koopman |
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Order N3 12_Numeral Noun Demonstrative
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No |
Hilda Koopman |
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Q01_Initial polar Q-marker
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Yes |
Hilda Koopman |
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Q02_Final polar Q-marker
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No |
Hilda Koopman |
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Q03_Clause internal polar Q-marker
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Yes |
Hilda Koopman |
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+
Q04_Polar question by intonation
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Yes |
Hilda Koopman |
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Words: A. lith B lith Gloss: A. hurt.imperf? B hurt.imperf Translation: A: Does it hurt? B it's hurting Comment: In imperfective aspect, there is a a zero 3rd person expletive. the perfective aspect always bundles perfective aspect and subject agreement: olith (it.hurt.perfective)) Contributor: Hilda Koopman |
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Q05_Polar question by V-fronting
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No |
Hilda Koopman |
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Q06_Polar question by Auxiliary-fronting
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No |
Hilda Koopman |
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Q07_Q-marker follows narrow focus
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No |
Hilda Koopman |
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Q08_Affirmative answer by particle
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Yes |
Hilda Koopman |
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Q09_Affirmative answer by verb
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Yes |
Hilda Koopman |
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Q12_Affirmative answer by particle and verb
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Yes |
Hilda Koopman |
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Q13_Affirmative answer by predicative 'be'
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No |
Hilda Koopman |
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Q16NEGA_Negative answer by special negative particle
|
Yes |
Hilda Koopman |
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Q17NEGA_Negative answer by bare sentential negation
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No |
Hilda Koopman |
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Q18NEGA_Negative answer by sentential negation plus bare verb
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Yes |
Hilda Koopman |
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V2 01_Declarative Verb-Second
|
No |
Hilda Koopman |
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V2 02_Interrogative Verb-Second
|
No |
Hilda Koopman |
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