Hixkaryana

  Words: amna n-omok-no
  Gloss: 1+3 3SBJ-come-IMMEDPST
  Translation: We (exclusive) came.
  Comment: Hixkaryana is canonically OVS. The pronoun "amna", however, as a subject, must appear left-adjacent to the verb. Subjects can also appear before the verb when they are focused. Otherwise subjects are post-verbal. (Derbyshire 1985:p. 9) Note that all examples in this database for Hixkaryana come from Derbyshire (1986), Hixkaryana and linguistic typology. Dallas, TX: Summer Institute of Linguistics.
  Contributor: Laura Kalin

  Words: n-eweh-yatxhe woriskomo komo
  Gloss: 3SBJ-bathe-COLL.NONPST woman COLL
  Translation: The women are bathing/taking a bath.
  Comment: This is the unmarked, canonical word order for intransitives. (Derbyshire 1985:p. 31)
  Contributor: Laura Kalin

  Words: kuraha y-onyhorye-no biryekomo
  Gloss: bow 3SBJ.3OBJ-make-IMMEDPST child
  Translation: The child made a bow.
  Comment: This is the unmarked, canonical word order for transitive sentences. (Derbyshire 1985:p. 31)
  Contributor: Laura Kalin

  Words: kanawa amna n-a-no
  Gloss: canoe 1+3 3SBJ-take-IMMEDPST
  Translation: We (exclusive) took the canoe.
  Comment: Hixkaryana is canonically OVS. The pronoun "amna", however, as a subject, must appear left-adjacent to the verb. Thus, here we have exceptional OSV word order. (Derbyshire 1985:p. 10)
  Contributor: Laura Kalin

  Words: kuraha y-onyhorye-no biryekomo
  Gloss: bow 3SBJ.3OBJ-make-IMMEDPST child
  Translation: The child made a bow.
  Comment: This is the unmarked, canonical word order for transitives. (Derbyshire 1985:p. 31)
  Contributor: Laura Kalin

  Words: watma ke
  Gloss: club with
  Translation: with clubs/a club
  Comment: Hixkaryana is a postpositional language. (Derbyshire 1985:p. 19/39)
  Contributor: Laura Kalin

  Words: Utxun heno
  Gloss: Utxunu now.dead
  Translation: the late/now dead Utxunu
  Comment: (Derbyshire 1985:p. 26)
  Contributor: Laura Kalin

  Words: asak kanawa
  Gloss: two canoe
  Translation: two canoes
  Comment: Numerals and the word "anaro" ('another') are the only elements that may precede a noun in an NP, aside from a possessor. (Derbyshire 1985:p. 28)
  Contributor: Laura Kalin

  Comment: There are demonstrative pronouns in Hixkaryana (Derbyshire 1985:p. 7) but no demonstratives that co-occur with a noun (p. 26).
  Contributor: Laura Kalin

  Comment: There are demonstrative pronouns in Hixkaryana (Derbyshire 1985:p. 7) but no demonstratives that co-occur with a noun (p. 26).
  Contributor: Laura Kalin

  Words: biryekomo y-okn-ni
  Gloss: child 3-pet-POSSN
  Translation: the child's pet
  Comment: The possessor always precedes the possessee. The possessee is marked for person agreement with the possessor. Finally, the possessee carries a suffix indicating that it is possessed. (Derbyshire 1985:p. 26)
  Contributor: Laura Kalin

  Words: noro hok-ru
  Gloss: 3 3.child-POSSN
  Translation: his child
  Comment: An overt pronominal possessor is only possible for third person and first person exclusive "amna". Otherwise the pronominal possessor must be null (i.e., for first person, second person, and first person inclusive). Just as with nominal possessors: the possessor always precedes the possessee. The possessee is marked for person agreement with the possessor (though in this case that agreement is null). Finally, the possessee carries a suffix indicating that it is possessed. (Derbyshire 1985:p. 9)
  Contributor: Laura Kalin

  Words: karyhe rmahaxa
  Gloss: fast very
  Translation: very fast
  Comment: (Derbyshire 1985:p. 27)
  Contributor: Laura Kalin

  Comment: See example for Clause Complementizer order.
  Contributor: Laura Kalin

  Words: tahataka-txhe
  Gloss: 3SBJ.come.out-after
  Translation: after he/she came out
  Comment: There are no independent words that serve as complementizers in Hixkaryana, though nonfinite verbs can productively be embedded under postpositions. There are also a couple of verbal suffixes (attaching to nonfinite verb forms) that serve to subordinate a nonfinite verb, like the example shown here. The subordinating suffix is -txhe. (Derbyshire 1985:p. 39)
  Contributor: Laura Kalin

  Words: thenyehra tuna y-omok-nir ke
  Gloss: much water 3SBJ-come-NMLZ because
  Translation: because it was raining heavily (literally: because of the coming of much water)
  Comment: (Derbyshire 1985:p. 38); See also comment under C 02.
  Contributor: Laura Kalin

  Words: okomkurusu biryekomo heno y-osk-eko
  Gloss: bushmaster.snake child dead 3SBJ.3OBJ-bite-RECPST.COMPLETIVE
  Translation: It was a bushmaster snake that bit the child.
  Comment: This is an example with a focused subject, in which case the subject gets fronted before the object. (Derbyshire 1985:p. 74)
  Contributor: Laura Kalin

  Words: asak kanawa w-eny-o
  Gloss: two canoe 1SBJ-see-IMMEDPAST
  Translation: I saw two canoes.
  Comment: (Derbyshire 1985:p. 26)
  Contributor: Laura Kalin

  Words: apaytara y-ar-hira n-exe-ye wekoko
  Gloss: chicken 3OBJ-take-NEG 3SBJ-be-DISTPST.COMPLETIVE hawk
  Translation: The hawk didn't take the chicken. (Literally: The hawk wasn't taking of the chicken.)
  Comment: Negation is always a suffix to a verb, but makes the verb it attaches to nonfinite. As such, it must be embedded somehow, in this case, under the copula 'be'. 'Be' thus takes the tense and aspect marking for the clause. See the other example for this property to see the non-negated counterpart of this sentence. (Derbyshire 1985:p. 138)
  Contributor: Laura Kalin

  Words: apaytara y-ari-ye wekoko
  Gloss: chicken 3SBJ.3OBJ-take-DISTPST.COMPLETIVE hawk
  Translation: The hawk took the chicken.
  Comment: This is the non-negated version of the other example sentence for this property. (Derbyshire 1985:p. 138)
  Contributor: Laura Kalin

  Comment: There are demonstrative pronouns in Hixkaryana (Derbyshire 1985:p. 7) but no demonstratives that co-occur with a noun (p. 26).
  Contributor: Laura Kalin

  Comment: There are demonstrative pronouns in Hixkaryana (Derbyshire 1985:p. 7) but no demonstratives that co-occur with a noun (p. 26).
  Contributor: Laura Kalin

  Comment: There are demonstrative pronouns in Hixkaryana (Derbyshire 1985:p. 7) but no demonstratives that co-occur with a noun (p. 26).
  Contributor: Laura Kalin

  Comment: There are demonstrative pronouns in Hixkaryana (Derbyshire 1985:p. 7) but no demonstratives that co-occur with a noun (p. 26).
  Contributor: Laura Kalin

  Comment: There are demonstrative pronouns in Hixkaryana (Derbyshire 1985:p. 7) but no demonstratives that co-occur with a noun (p. 26).
  Contributor: Laura Kalin

  Comment: There are demonstrative pronouns in Hixkaryana (Derbyshire 1985:p. 7) but no demonstratives that co-occur with a noun (p. 26).
  Contributor: Laura Kalin

  Comment: There are demonstrative pronouns in Hixkaryana (Derbyshire 1985:p. 7) but no demonstratives that co-occur with a noun (p. 26).
  Contributor: Laura Kalin

  Comment: There are demonstrative pronouns in Hixkaryana (Derbyshire 1985:p. 7) but no demonstratives that co-occur with a noun (p. 26).
  Contributor: Laura Kalin

  Comment: There are demonstrative pronouns in Hixkaryana (Derbyshire 1985:p. 7) but no demonstratives that co-occur with a noun (p. 26).
  Contributor: Laura Kalin

  Comment: There are demonstrative pronouns in Hixkaryana (Derbyshire 1985:p. 7) but no demonstratives that co-occur with a noun (p. 26).
  Contributor: Laura Kalin

  Comment: There are demonstrative pronouns in Hixkaryana (Derbyshire 1985:p. 7) but no demonstratives that co-occur with a noun (p. 26).
  Contributor: Laura Kalin

  Comment: There are demonstrative pronouns in Hixkaryana (Derbyshire 1985:p. 7) but no demonstratives that co-occur with a noun (p. 26).
  Contributor: Laura Kalin