Hungarian

  Words: Kati szalad.
  Gloss: Kati[NOM] run[3SG.PRS.IND]
  Translation: `Kati is running'
  Contributor: Anna Szabolcsi

  Words: Le-es-ett a hó.
  Gloss: down-fall-PST[3SG.IND] the snow[NOM}
  Translation: `The snow began to fall / It snowed'
  Contributor: Anna Szabolcsi

  Words: Hall-om a zené-t.
  Gloss: hear-1SG.SUBJ.DEF.OBJ.PRS.IND the music-ACC
  Translation: `I hear the music'
  Contributor: Anna Szabolcsi

  Words: Kati leves-t ev-ett.
  Gloss: Kati[NOM] soup-ACC eat-PST.3SG.IND
  Translation: `Kati ate soup'
  Contributor: Anna Szabolcsi

  Words: A fekete kutya ugat-ja a hold-at.
  Gloss: the black dog[NOM.SG] bark-3SG.SUBJ.DEF.OBJ.PRS.IND the moon-ACC
  Translation: `The black dog is barking at the moon'
  Contributor: Anna Szabolcsi

  Words: Kati leves-t ev-ett.
  Gloss: Kati[NOM] soup-ACC eat-PST.3SG.IND
  Translation: `Kati ate soup'
  Contributor: Anna Szabolcsi

  Contributor: Anna Szabolcsi

  Words: Fel-tör-i a villa-nyél a tenyer-ed-et.
  Gloss: up-break-3SG.SUBJ.DEF.OBJ the pitchfork-handle[NOM.SG] the palm-2SG.POSSESSOR-ACC
  Translation: `The handle of the pitchfork will blister your palms'
  Contributor: Anna Szabolcsi

  Words: A kutya Kati után szalad-t.
  Gloss: the dog[NOM.SG] Kati[NOM.SG] after run-PST[3SG]
  Translation: `The dog ran after Kati'
  Contributor: Anna Szabolcsi

  Words: A fekete kutya ugat.
  Gloss: the black dog[NOM.SG] bark[3SG.PRS.IND]
  Translation: `The black dog barks / is barking'
  Contributor: Anna Szabolcsi

  Words: Hat kutya ugat.
  Gloss: six dog[NOM.SG] bark[3SG.PRS.IND]
  Translation: `Six dogs are barking'
  Contributor: Anna Szabolcsi

  Words: Ez-ek a kalap-ok rondá-k.
  Gloss: this-PL[NOM] the hat-PL[NOM] ugly-PL
  Translation: `These hats are ugly'
  Comment: An alternative (archaic?) version is "Ez-en kalap-ok rondá-k", which has a different demonstrative and no article.
  Contributor: Anna Szabolcsi

  Words: (a) Kati kalap-ja
  Gloss: the Kati-NOM hat-POSS.3sg
  Translation: Kati's hat
  Comment: The definite article may belong to the whole construction, not the possessor, with names in the Upper-Tisza dialect.
  Contributor: Anna Szabolcsi

  Words: a te kalap-od
  Gloss: the you-NOM hat-POSS.2sg
  Translation: your hat
  Comment: The definite article is obligatory. Because personal pronouns cannot have an article, we know that it belongs to the whole construction.
  Contributor: Anna Szabolcsi

  Words: Kati-nak a kalap-ja
  Gloss: Kati-DAT the hat-POSS.3sg
  Translation: Kati's hat
  Comment: This can be a single constituent, as shown by overt focus movement test.
  Contributor: Anna Szabolcsi

  Words: a te kalap-od
  Gloss: the you-NOM hat-POSS.2sg
  Translation: your hat
  Comment: The definite article is obligatory. Because personal pronouns cannot have an article, we know that it belongs to the whole construction.
  Contributor: Anna Szabolcsi

  Words: Ez-ek a fekete kalap-ok rondá-k.
  Gloss: this-PL[NOM] the black hat-PL[NOM] ugly-PL
  Translation: `These black hats are ugly'
  Contributor: Anna Szabolcsi

  Words: A leves elég meleg.
  Gloss: the soup[NOM.SG] enough warm
  Translation: `The soup is warm enough'
  Contributor: Anna Szabolcsi

  Contributor: Anna Szabolcsi

  Words: Tud-om, hogy ki vagy.
  Gloss: know-1SG.SUBJ.DEF.OBJ COMP who[NOM.SG] be.2SG.PRS.IND
  Translation: `I know who you are'
  Comment: The same complementizer "hogy" introduces declarative and interrogative complements.
  Contributor: Anna Szabolcsi

  Words: Tudom, hogy szeret-sz-e en-ni.
  Gloss: know-1SG.SUBJ.DEF.OBJ COMP like-2SG[PRS.IND]-Q eat-INF
  Translation: `I know whether you like to eat'
  Comment: The yes/no question marker "-e" is clause-final in the more strictly SOV relatives of Hungarian; in Hungarian it cliticizes to the finite verb, which is not necessarily clause-final. The subordinating complementizer is the invariant "hogy".
  Contributor: Anna Szabolcsi

  Words: Telefonál-j-ál, mi-elő-tt el-indul-sz.
  Gloss: phone-IMP-2SG what-front-LOC away-start-2SG
  Translation: `Call before you leave'
  Contributor: Anna Szabolcsi

  Words: hat asztal
  Gloss: six table
  Translation: `six tables'
  Comment: In the presence of a numeral the noun does not carry a plural marker: *hat asztal-ok.
  Contributor: Anna Szabolcsi

  Words: a hat kalap
  Gloss: the six hat
  Translation: `the six hats'
  Contributor: Anna Szabolcsi

  Words: a hat kalap
  Gloss: the six hat
  Translation: the six hats
  Contributor: Anna Szabolcsi

  Words: ez/az a kalap
  Gloss: this/that the hat
  Translation: this hat / that hat
  Contributor: Anna Szabolcsi

  Words: Kati nem szalad.
  Gloss: Kati[NOM] not run[3SG.PRS.IND]
  Translation: Kati isn't running
  Contributor: Anna Szabolcsi

  Words: nem-hogy, ne-hogy
  Gloss: not-COMP, ne[SBJV]-COMP
  Translation: not, don't
  Comment: The negative particles have a variant where they are compounded with the subordinating complementizer. My own (published) analysis is that this negation is extra-clausal, so there is a "null higher verb" here.
  Contributor: Anna Szabolcsi

  Words: Nincsenek rossz emberek.
  Gloss: notexist.PL bad person.PL
  Translation: `there aren't bad people'
  Contributor: Anna Szabolcsi

  Words: Kati nincs itt.
  Gloss: Kati-NOM NEG.exist/loc.3sg here
  Translation: Kati isn't here
  Comment: "nincs(en)" is the same for existential and locative. 3pl is "nincsenek". In the 1st and 2nd persons the existential/locative verb takes standard negation ("nem vagyok" etc.), likewise in all persons in the past,
  Contributor: Anna Szabolcsi

  Words: Ez-ek a fekete kalap-ok rondá-k.
  Gloss: this-PL[NOM] the black hat-PL[NOM] ugly-PL
  Translation: `These black hats are ugly'
  Contributor: Anna Szabolcsi

  Words: ez-t a hat kalap-ot
  Gloss: this-ACC the six hat-ACC
  Translation: `these six hats, accusative'
  Contributor: Anna Szabolcsi

  Words: Akarsz-e vizet?
  Gloss: want-2sg-Q water-ACC
  Translation: Do you want water?
  Comment: Q is obligatory in complement yes/no questions. In main clauses it is in complementary distribution with yes/no intonation.
  Contributor: Anna Szabolcsi

  Words: Question: Van itt valaki? Answer: Van.
  Gloss: exist.3sg here someone exist.3sg
  Translation: Is there someone here? [=Anybody home?] Yes, there is.
  Contributor: Anna Szabolcsi

  Words: Nem ment.
  Gloss: not went
  Translation: No, he/she didn't [go].
  Contributor: Anna Szabolcsi

  Words: Nem ment el? Answer: Nem.
  Gloss: not went-3sg? Answer: no
  Translation: No, he/she (indeed) didn't go.
  Contributor: Anna Szabolcsi

  Words: Nem, nem ment.
  Gloss: no not went.3sg
  Translation: No, he/she didn't go.
  Contributor: Anna Szabolcsi

  Words: De (igen), elment.
  Gloss: but (yes) away-went.3sg
  Translation: Yes, he did leave (contrary to what you are suggesting)
  Contributor: Anna Szabolcsi

  Words: De.
  Gloss: but
  Translation: yes
  Contributor: Anna Szabolcsi

  Words: De (igen), elment.
  Gloss: but (yes) away-went.3sg
  Translation: Yes, he did leave (contrary to what you are suggesting)
  Contributor: Anna Szabolcsi