Icelandic

  Words: Nokkrir stúdentar sáu þessa mynd.
  Gloss: Some.NOM.M.PL student.NOM.M.PL see.3PL.PST this.ACC.F.SG film.ACC.F.SG
  Translation: Several students saw this film.
  Comment: From Thráinsson (2007:24).
  Contributor: Jim Wood

  Words: í hús-inu
  Gloss: in house-the.DAT.SG.N
  Translation: In the house.
  Contributor: Jim Wood

  Words: Þetta er rauður bolti
  Gloss: This is red.M.SG.NOM bolti.SG.NOM
  Translation: This is a red ball
  Contributor: Gunnar Hrafn Hrafnbjargarson

  Words: Gunnar átti hest gráan
  Gloss: Gunnar have.PST.3SG horse.ACC.M.SG grey.INDF.ACC.M.SG
  Translation: Gunnar had a grey horse.
  Comment: From Thráinsson (2007:88). Noun Adjective is sometimes used in "relatively formal and bookish" Icelandic (Thráinsson 2007:88).
  Contributor: Jim Wood

  Words: þrjár stelp-ur
  Gloss: three.F.NOM girl-PL.F.NOM
  Translation: Three girls
  Contributor: Jim Wood

  Words: Frægu bæk-ur-nar þrjár
  Gloss: Famous book-F.PL.NOM-the.F.PL.NOM three.F.NOM
  Translation: The three famous books
  Comment: From Sigurðsson 2006
  Contributor: Jim Wood

  Words: Þessi bók
  Gloss: This.NOM.SG.F book.NOM.SG.F
  Translation: This book
  Comment: From Thráinsson (2007:11)
  Contributor: Jim Wood

  Words: Í ritgerð þessari ætla ég að ...
  Gloss: In paper this intend I to ...
  Translation: In this paper, I intend to ...
  Comment: From Thráinsson (2007:88). Noun Demonstrative is sometimes used in "relatively formal and bookish" Icelandic (Thráinsson 2007:88).
  Contributor: Jim Wood

  Words: Jóns hús er rautt
  Gloss: Jon.GEN house.NOM is.3SG red.N.SG.NOM
  Translation: John's house is red
  Contributor: Gunnar Hrafn Hrafnbjargarson

  Words: bók Jóns
  Gloss: book John.GEN
  Translation: John's book
  Contributor: Jim Wood

  Words: Bókin hans Jóns
  Gloss: book.the.NOM his.GEN Jon.GEN
  Translation: John's book
  Contributor: Gunnar Hrafn Hrafnbjargarson

  Words: Bókin Jóns
  Gloss: book.the.NOM Jon.GEN
  Translation: John's book
  Comment: A regional variant (mainly used in the North and North East)
  Contributor: Gunnar Hrafn Hrafnbjargarson

  Words: * mín bók-in
  Gloss: my book-the
  Translation: my book
  Comment: From Thráinsson (2007:90)
  Contributor: Jim Wood

  Words: bók-in mín
  Gloss: book-the my
  Translation: my book
  Comment: From Thráinsson (2007:90)
  Contributor: Jim Wood

  Words: rauð-ur bíl-l
  Gloss: red-SG.M car-SG.M
  Translation: A red car
  Contributor: Jim Wood

  Words: Hann er spennt-ur
  Gloss: 3SG.M be.3SG.PRS excited.SG.M
  Translation: He is excited.
  Contributor: Jim Wood

  Words: bíllinn er rauð-ur
  Gloss: car.the.SG.M.NOM be.3SG red-SG.M.NOM
  Translation: The car is red
  Contributor: Jim Wood

  Words: mjög þreytt-ur
  Gloss: very tired-M.SG.NOM
  Translation: Very tired
  Contributor: Jim Wood

  Words: Þessi bók
  Gloss: This.NOM.SG.F book.NOM.SG.F
  Translation: This book
  Comment: From Thráinsson (2007:11)
  Contributor: Jim Wood

  Words: Bíllinn er (nógu) stór (*nógu)
  Gloss: car.the.NOM is.3SG enough big.M.SG.NOM enough
  Translation: The car is big enough
  Contributor: Gunnar Hrafn Hrafnbjargarson

  Words: Kom Ólafur seint heim
  Gloss: Came Ólafur late home
  Translation: Olaf came home late.
  Comment: This is a marked word order known as Narrative Inversion, commonly occurring after coordinating conjunctions. The above sentence is from Sigurðsson 1990 (In Maling & Zaenen Eds. Modern Icelandic Syntax )
  Contributor: Jim Wood

  Words: Óvinur-inn var hrakinn á brott (af varnarlið-inu)
  Gloss: enemy-the.M.SG.NOM be.PST.1SG driven.M.SG.on away (by defence.force-the.N.SG.DAT)
  Translation: The enemy was driven away by the defence force.
  Comment: Lexical/Semantic case is preserved under passivization, while structural case is not. Example from Thráinsson 2007.
  Contributor: Jim Wood

  Words: Jón hefur komið til Parísar / Jón er kominn til Parísar
  Gloss: Jon.NOM has.3SG come.N.SG.ACC to Paris.GEN / Jon.NOM is.3SG come.M.SG.NOM to Paris.GEN
  Translation: John has been to Paris / John has arrived in Paris
  Contributor: Gunnar Hrafn Hrafnbjargarson

  Words: Ég held að hann sé í húsinu
  Gloss: 1SG think.1SG.PRS that 3SG.M is.SBJV in house.the.DAT.SG.N
  Translation: I think that he is in the house
  Comment: Corrected mood in the embedded clause
  Contributor: Gunnar Hrafn Hrafnbjargarson

  Words: Ég var að borða morgunmatinn þegar hún kom
  Gloss: 1SG be.1SG.PST to eat breakfast.the.ACC.M.SG when 3SG.F arrive.3SG.PST
  Translation: I was having breakfast when she arrived.
  Comment: From Thráinsson (2007:13)
  Contributor: Jim Wood

  Words: Dó hann?
  Gloss: Die.3SG.PST 3SG.M
  Translation: Did he die?
  Contributor: Jim Wood

  Words: Ég er búinn að fara þangað
  Gloss: 1SG be.1SG finished.M.SG.NOM to go there.to
  Translation: I´ve already gone there.
  Comment: According to Thráinsson 2007 (pp. 12), has a resultative reading, and is often odd with words like 'never'.
  Contributor: Jim Wood

  Words: Þessi rauði hestur
  Gloss: This.NOM.M.SG red.DEF.NOM.M.SG horse.NOM.M.SG
  Translation: This red horse
  Comment: From Thráinsson (2007:89)
  Contributor: Jim Wood

  Words: *Rauði þessi bíll
  Gloss: red.M.SG.NOM this.DEM.M.S.NOM car.NOM
  Translation: This red car
  Contributor: Gunnar Hrafn Hrafnbjargarson