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Japanese

General Info
  ISO 639-3 Code: JPN
  latlong: 35.689488,139.691706  Map it!
Properties Values Contributor Comments  
+ 01_Subject Verb Yes Chris Collins Forum
  Words: dareka-ga ki-ta.
  Gloss: someone-NOM come-PST
  Translation: Someone came
  Contributor: Ken Hiraiwa
  Words: dareka-ga hasit-ta.
  Gloss: someone-NOM run-PST
  Translation: someone ran
  Contributor: Ken Hiraiwa
   02_Verb Subject No Chris Collins Forum
   03_Verb Object No Ken Hiraiwa Forum
+ 04_Object Verb Yes Ken Hiraiwa Forum
  Words: dareka-ga koppu-o otosi-ta.
  Gloss: someone-NOM cup-ACC drop-PST
  Translation: Someone dropped a/the cup
  Contributor: Ken Hiraiwa
   05_Subject Verb Object No Ken Hiraiwa Forum
+ 06_Subject Object Verb Yes Ken Hiraiwa Forum
  Words: dareka-ga koppu-o otosi-ta.
  Gloss: someone-NOM cup-ACC drop-PST
  Translation: Someone dropped a/the cup
  Contributor: Ken Hiraiwa
   07_Verb Subject Object No Ken Hiraiwa Forum
   08_Verb Object Subject No Ken Hiraiwa Forum
+ 09_Object Subject Verb Yes Ken Hiraiwa Forum
  Words: koppu-o dareka-ga otosi-ta
  Gloss: cup-ACC someone-NOM drop-PST
  Translation: Someone dropped a/the cup
  Contributor: Ken Hiraiwa
   10_Object Verb Subject No Ken Hiraiwa Forum
   11_Adposition Noun_Phrase No Ken Hiraiwa Forum
+ 12_Noun_Phrase Adposition Yes Ken Hiraiwa Forum
  Words: Ken-wa mise-kara modot-ta.
  Gloss: Ken-TOP store-from return-PST
  Translation: Ken returned from the store
  Contributor: Ken Hiraiwa
+ 13_Adjective Noun Yes Ken Hiraiwa Forum
  Words: ookina ie
  Gloss: big house
  Translation: a/the big house
  Contributor: Ken Hiraiwa
   14_Noun Adjective No Ken Hiraiwa Forum
+ 15_Numeral Noun Yes Ken Hiraiwa Forum
  Words: huta-tu-no ringo-no nedan
  Gloss: two-CLF-GEN apple-GEN price
  Translation: a/the price for two apples
  Contributor: Ken Hiraiwa
+ 16_Noun Numeral Yes Ken Hiraiwa Forum
  Words: ringo ni-ko-no nedan
  Gloss: apple two-CLF -Gen price
  Translation: a/the price for two apples
  Contributor: Ken Hiraiwa
+ 17_Demonstrative Noun Yes Ken Hiraiwa Forum
  Words: kono booru
  Gloss: this ball
  Translation: this ball
  Contributor: Ken Hiraiwa
   18_Noun Demonstrative No Ken Hiraiwa Forum
+ 19_Possessor Noun Yes Ken Hiraiwa Forum
  Words: Ken-no hon
  Gloss: Ken-GEN book
  Translation: Ken's book
  Contributor: Ken Hiraiwa
   20_Noun Possessor No Ken Hiraiwa Forum
   21_Pronominal Possessor Noun Yes Ken Hiraiwa Forum
   22_Noun Pronominal Possessor No Ken Hiraiwa Forum
   A 01_Attributive Adjective Agreement No Chris Collins Forum
   A 02_Predicate Adjective Agreement No Chris Collins Forum
+ A 03_Degree Adjective Yes Ken Hiraiwa Forum
  Words: totemo takai hon
  Gloss: very expensive book
  Translation: a/the very expensive book
  Contributor: Ken Hiraiwa
   A 04_Adjective Degree No Ken Hiraiwa Forum
   AuxSel 01_Auxiliary Selection No Ken Hiraiwa Forum
   C 01_Complementizer Clause No Ken Hiraiwa Forum
+ C 02_Clause Complementizer Yes Ken Hiraiwa Forum
  Words: Ken-wa [Naomi-ga kaet-ta to] it-ta.
  Gloss: Ken-TOP Naomi-NOM go-PST C say-PST
  Translation: Ken said that Naomi went home
  Contributor: Ken Hiraiwa
   C 03_Adverbial_Subordinator Clause No Ken Hiraiwa Forum
+ C 04_Clause Adverbial Subordinator Yes Ken Hiraiwa Forum
  Words: boku-wa [iki-takat-ta kara] it-ta.
  Gloss: 1SG-TOP go-want-PST because go-PST
  Translation: I went because I wanted to go.
  Contributor: Ken Hiraiwa
   Extra Examples Yes Chris Collins Forum
   N2 01_Numeral Noun (indefinite) Yes Jun Yashima Forum
   N2 02_Noun Numeral (indefinite) Yes Ken Hiraiwa Forum
   N2 03_Numeral Noun (definite) Yes Ken Hiraiwa Forum
   N2 04_Noun Numeral (definite) No Ken Hiraiwa Forum
   N2 05_Definite NP (Num N, N Num) has a definite article No Jun Yashima Forum
   N2 06_Definite NP (Num N, N Num) has a demonstrative Yes Ken Hiraiwa A demonstrative is only optional. Forum
   N2 07_Definite NP (Num N, N Num) lacks a definite article or demonstrative Yes Ken Hiraiwa A demonstrative is only optional. Forum
   N2 08_Definite NP (Num N, N Num) contains a Plural marker, but Indefinite NP does not No Ken Hiraiwa Forum
   N2 09_Definite NP (Num N, N Num) contains any other marking No Jun Yashima Forum
   N2 10_The Numeral has a different form in Definite and Indefinite (Num N, N Num) contexts No Jun Yashima Forum
   N2 11_The Noun has a different form in Definite and Indefinite (Num N, N Num) contexts No Jun Yashima Forum
   Neg 01_Standard Negation is Particle that Precedes the Verb No Ken Hiraiwa Forum
   Neg 02_Standard Negation is Particle that Follows the verb Yes Ken Hiraiwa Forum
   Neg 03_Standard Negation is Prefix No Ken Hiraiwa Forum
   Neg 04_Standard Negation is Suffix No Ken Hiraiwa Forum
   Neg 05_Standard Negation is Negative Auxiliary verb No Ken Hiraiwa Not quite sure. Forum
   Neg 06_Standard Negation is Higher verb No Ken Hiraiwa Forum
   Neg 07_Standard Negation is Tone No Ken Hiraiwa Forum
   Neg 08_Standard Negation is Tone plus Other Modification No Ken Hiraiwa Forum
   Neg 09_Standard Negation is Reduplication No Ken Hiraiwa Forum
   Neg 10_Standard Negation is Infix No Ken Hiraiwa Forum
   Neg 11_Distinct Negation of Class/Property No Ken Hiraiwa It might depend on how to analyze a copula in Japanese. Forum
   Neg 12_Distinct Negation of identity No Ken Hiraiwa It might depend on how to analyze a copula in Japanese. Forum
   Neg 13_Distinct Negation of Existence Yes Ken Hiraiwa Negation of inanimate verbs of existence is expressed with the negation "na-i" alone without a verb (in standard Japanese). Forum
   Neg 14_Distinct Negation of Location Yes Ken Hiraiwa Negation of inanimate verbs of location is expressed with the negation "na-i" alone (in standard Japanese). Forum
+ Order N3 01_ Demonstrative Adjective Noun Yes Ken Hiraiwa Forum
  Words: kono akai booru
  Gloss: this red ball
  Translation: this red ball
  Contributor: Ken Hiraiwa
   Order N3 02_Demonstrative Noun Adjective No Ken Hiraiwa Forum
   Order N3 03_ Noun Adjective Demonstrative No Ken Hiraiwa Forum
   Order N3 04_Noun Demonstrative Adjective No Ken Hiraiwa Forum
+ Order N3 05_Adjective Demonstrative Noun Yes Ken Hiraiwa Forum
  Words: akai kono booru
  Gloss: red this ball
  Translation: this red ball
  Contributor: Ken Hiraiwa
   Order N3 06_Adjective Noun Demonstrative No Ken Hiraiwa Forum
+ Order N3 07_Demonstrative Numeral Noun Yes Hilda Koopman Forum
  Words: Korerano san-satu-no hon nituite doo omoi masu ka?
  Gloss: these.no three-CLF-no book about how think FORMAL Q
  Translation: ‘What do you think about these three books?’
  Comment: Japanese examples from the property definiton, provided by Yu Tanaka and Jun Yashima.
  Contributor: Hilda Koopman
  Words: Kore-ra san-satu hon-o book-acc katta. vs. *? Kore san-satu hon-o katta.
  Gloss: this.thing-pl three-cl book.ACC bought.
  Translation: I bought these three books
  Comment: Plural -ra is obligatory in this context (note, absence of no and case marker is at the right edge. (example from Yu Tanaka)
  Contributor: Hilda Koopman
+ Order N3 08_Demonstrative Noun Numeral Yes Hilda Koopman Forum
  Words: Korerano hon san-satu nituite doo omoi masu ka?
  Gloss: these.no book three-CLF about how think formal Q ?
  Translation: ‘What do you think about these three books?
  Comment: example provided by Yu Tanaka and Jun Yashima.
  Contributor: Hilda Koopman
   Order N3 09_ Noun Numeral Demonstrative No Hilda Koopman Forum
   Order N3 10_Noun Demonstrative Numeral No Hilda Koopman Forum
+ Order N3 11_Numeral Demonstrative Noun Yes Hilda Koopman Forum
  Words: (watasi-wa) san-satu-no korera-no hon-o yoku sitteiru
  Gloss: (I-Topic) three-CLF-no these-no book-ACC well know
  Translation: I know these 3 books well
  Comment: provided by Yu Tanaka and Jun Yashima. See property definition
  Contributor: Hilda Koopman
   Order N3 12_Numeral Noun Demonstrative No Hilda Koopman Forum
   Q01_Initial polar Q-marker No Jun Yashima Forum
   Q02_Final polar Q-marker Yes Jun Yashima Forum
   Q03_Clause internal polar Q-marker No Jun Yashima Forum
   Q04_Polar question by intonation Yes Jun Yashima Forum
   Q05_Polar question by V-fronting No Jun Yashima Forum
   Q06_Polar question by Auxiliary-fronting No Jun Yashima Forum
   Q07_Q-marker follows narrow focus No Jun Yashima Forum
   Q08_Affirmative answer by particle Yes Jun Yashima Forum
   Q09_Affirmative answer by verb Yes Jun Yashima The verb must always occur with a bound inflectional element (most typically a tense morpheme.) Forum
   Q11_Affirmative answer by auxiliary and verb Yes Jun Yashima Forum
   Q12_Affirmative answer by particle and verb Yes Jun Yashima The verb must always occur with a bound inflectional element (most typically a tense morpheme.) Forum
   Q13_Affirmative answer by predicative 'be' No Jun Yashima Forum
   Q14_Verb answer to indefinite subject question Yes Jun Yashima The verb must always occur with a bound inflectional element (most typically a tense morpheme.) Forum
   Q16NEGA_Negative answer by special negative particle Yes Jun Yashima Forum
   Q17NEGA_Negative answer by bare sentential negation No Jun Yashima Forum
   Q18NEGA_Negative answer by sentential negation plus bare verb Yes Jun Yashima Forum
   Q19ANegQ_Truth-based confirmation Yes Jun Yashima Forum
   Q20ANegQ_Polarity-based confirmation Yes Jun Yashima Forum
   Q21ANegQ_Polarity-reversing particle No Jun Yashima Forum
   Q22ANegQ_Polarity-reversing answer by affirmative and special particle No Jun Yashima Forum
   V2 01_Declarative Verb-Second No Ken Hiraiwa Forum
   V2 02_Interrogative Verb-Second No Ken Hiraiwa Forum