Russian

  Words: Ivan spit.
  Gloss: Ivan.NOM sleeps
  Translation: Ivan is sleeping.
  Contributor: Stephanie Harves

  Words: Idjot dožd'.
  Gloss: goes rain.NOM
  Translation: It's raining.
  Comment: The order Verb Subject is neutral with unaccusative predicates (i.e., when the verb is intransitive and the subject is non-agentive).
  Contributor: Stephanie Harves

  Words: Zvonit telefon.
  Gloss: rings telephone.NOM
  Translation: The telephone is ringing.
  Comment: The order Verb Subject is neutral with unaccusative predicates (i.e., when the verb is intransitive and the subject is non-agentive).
  Contributor: Stephanie Harves

  Words: Tancuet Ivan, a ne Boris.
  Gloss: dances Ivan.NOM but not Boris.NOM
  Translation: Ivan is dancing, not Boris.
  Comment: Although the order Verb Subject is not neutral with unergative predicates (i.e., when the verb is intransitive and the subject is agentive), if the subject is contrastively focused, then the word order is felicitous.
  Contributor: Stephanie Harves

  Words: Ivan kupil knigu.
  Gloss: Ivan.NOM bought book.ACC
  Translation: Ivan bought a book.
  Contributor: Stephanie Harves

  Words: Soldata ubilo pulej.
  Gloss: soldier.ACC.M.SG killed.N bullet.INS.F.SG
  Translation: A soldier was killed by a bullet.
  Comment: Although the order Object Verb is not neutral in sentences with a Nominative Subject and an Accusative Direct Object, this order is standard in cases of so-called "adversity impersonals". Note that this sentence is not passive, in spite of the translation. There is no passive morphology on the verb.
  Contributor: Stephanie Harves

  Words: #Ivan knigu kupil.
  Gloss: Ivan.NOM book.ACC bought
  Translation: Ivan bought a book.
  Comment: This example is felicitous only in non-neutral contexts, e.g. when the object is focused.
  Contributor: Stephanie Harves

  Words: Ivan kupil knigu.
  Gloss: Ivan.NOM bought book.ACC
  Translation: Ivan bought a book.
  Contributor: Stephanie Harves

  Words: #Ivan knigu kupil.
  Gloss: Ivan.NOM book.ACC bought
  Translation: Ivan bought a book.
  Comment: This example is felicitous only in non-neutral contexts, e.g. when the object is focused.
  Contributor: Stephanie Harves

  Words: Kupil Ivan knigu, a Boris - žurnal.
  Gloss: bought Ivan.NOM book.ACC but Boris.NOM magazine.ACC
  Translation: Ivan bought a book and Boris a magazine.
  Comment: The order Verb Subject Object is felicitous only in non-neutral contexts, e.g. when the subject and object are both contrastively focused.
  Contributor: Stephanie Harves

  Words: Poterjal odnaždy Ivan sto rublej.
  Gloss: lost once Ivan.NOM hundred.ACC roubles.GEN
  Translation: Ivan once lost one hundred rubles.
  Comment: The order Verb Subject Object is felicitous only in non-neutral contexts, e.g. at the beginning of narrative contexts.
  Contributor: Stephanie Harves

  Words: Kupil knigu Ivan, a ne Boris.
  Gloss: bought book.ACC Ivan.NOM and not Boris.NOM
  Translation: Ivan bought a book, not Boris.
  Comment: The order Verb Object Subject is felicitous only in non-neutral contexts, e.g. when the subject is contrastively focused.
  Contributor: Stephanie Harves

  Words: #Knigu Ivan kupil.
  Gloss: book.ACC Ivan.NOM bought
  Translation: Ivan bought a book.
  Comment: The order Object Subject Verb is felicitous in Russian in non-neutral contexts, e.g. when the object is topicalized.
  Contributor: Stephanie Harves

  Words: #Knigu kupil Ivan.
  Gloss: book.ACC bought Ivan.NOM
  Translation: Ivan bought a book.
  Comment: The order Object Verb Subject is felicitous only in non-neutral contexts, e.g. when the object is topicalized..
  Contributor: Stephanie Harves

  Words: v restorane
  Gloss: in restaurant.PREP
  Translation: in a/the restaurant
  Contributor: Stephanie Harves

  Words: *dome v
  Gloss: house.PREP in
  Translation: in the house
  Contributor: Stephanie Harves

  Words: Maša umnaja studentka
  Gloss: Maša.NOM smart.NOM.FEM.SG student.NOM.FEM.SG
  Translation: Maša is a smart student.
  Contributor: Stephanie Harves

  Words: interesnaja kniga
  Gloss: interesting.NOM.F.SG book.NOM.F.SG
  Translation: interesting book
  Contributor: Stephanie Harves

  Words: *studentka umnaja
  Gloss: student.NOM.F.SG smart.NOM.F.SG
  Translation: smart student
  Comment: This example is grammatical only if the adjective is the predicate.
  Contributor: Stephanie Harves

  Words: Ivan Groznyj ubil svoego syna
  Gloss: Ivan.NOM.M.SG terrible.NOM.M.SG killed self's son.ACC.M.SG
  Translation: Ivan the Terrible killed his son
  Comment: The order Noun Adjective is found only in titles.
  Contributor: Stephanie Harves

  Words: pjat' knig
  Gloss: five.NOM books.GEN
  Translation: five books
  Contributor: Stephanie Harves

  Words: #Ja pročital knig pjat'
  Gloss: I.NOM read books.GEN five.ACC
  Translation: I read five books.
  Comment: This example is felicitous only under an approximative (i.e. non-neutral) reading: I read approximately five books.
  Contributor: Stephanie Harves

  Words: ètot restoran
  Gloss: this.NOM.M.SG restaurant.NOM.M.SG
  Translation: this restaurant
  Contributor: Stephanie Harves

  Words: *Ja pročital knigu ètu.
  Gloss: I.NOM read book.ACC this
  Translation: I read this book.
  Contributor: Stephanie Harves

  Words: V restorane ètom ja uže byl.
  Gloss: In restaurant.PREP this I.NOM already was
  Translation: I was already in this restaurant.
  Comment: Note that the order Noun Demonstrative is felicitous in topicalized (i.e., non-neutral) contexts. Thus, this example is felicitous in a context where this restaurant has already been mentioned.
  Contributor: Stephanie Harves

  Words: Sašina kniga
  Gloss: Sasha's.ADJ.POSS.NOM.F.SG book.NOM.F.SG
  Translation: Sasha's book
  Comment: Note that prenominal possessor adjectives are restricted to proper names and some kinship terms. (Pronominal possessive adjectives are also prenominal.)
  Contributor: Stephanie Harves

  Words: dom Ivana
  Gloss: house.NOM Ivan.GEN
  Translation: Ivan's house
  Contributor: Stephanie Harves

  Words: umnaja studentka
  Gloss: smart.NOM.F.SG student.NOM.F.SG
  Translation: smart student
  Contributor: Stephanie Harves

  Words: Èti knigi interesnye.
  Gloss: these books.NOM.PL interesting.NOM.PL
  Translation: These books are interesting.
  Contributor: Stephanie Harves

  Words: očen' strašnyj.M.SG
  Gloss: very scary
  Translation: very scary
  Contributor: Stephanie Harves

  Words: *Èta kniga interesnaja dostatočno.
  Gloss: this book interesting enough
  Translation: This book is interesting enough.
  Contributor: Stephanie Harves

  Words: Ivan dumaet čto lingvistika interesnaja nauka
  Gloss: Ivan.NOM thinks COMP linguistics.NOM interesting science.NOM
  Translation: Ivan thinks that linguistics is an interesting science
  Contributor: Stephanie Harves

  Words: *Ivan dumaet lingvistika interesnaja nauka čto
  Gloss: Ivan.NOM thinks linguistics.NOM interesting science.NOM COMP
  Translation: Ivan thinks that linguistics is an interesting science.
  Contributor: Stephanie Harves

  Words: Xotja ja ne ljublju fil'my užasov, mne nravjatsja fil'my Xičkoka
  Gloss: Although I.NOM not love films.ACC horror.GEN I.DAT like.PL films Hitchcock.GEN
  Translation: Although I don't like horror films, I like Hitchcock's films.
  Contributor: Stephanie Harves

  Words: *Ja ne ljublju fil'my užasov xotja, mne nravjatsja fil'my Xičkoka
  Gloss: I.NOM not love films.ACC horror.GEN although I.DAT like.PL films Hitchcock.GEN
  Translation: Although I don't like horror films, I like Hitchcock's films
  Contributor: Stephanie Harves

  Words: Kto prišël?
  Gloss: who come.3SG.PST
  Translation: Who came?
  Contributor: Jillian Kozyra

  Words: ètot novyj restoran
  Gloss: this.NOM.M.SG new.NOM.M.SG restaurant.NOM.M.SG
  Translation: this new restaurant
  Contributor: Stephanie Harves

  Words: *Ja pročital ètu knigu interesnuju.
  Gloss: I.NOM read this book.ACC interesting
  Translation: I read this interesting book.
  Contributor: Stephanie Harves

  Words: V ètom restorane novom ja uže byl.
  Gloss: in this restaurant.PREP new I.NOM already was
  Translation: I was already in this new restaurant.
  Comment: Note that the order Demonstrative Noun Adjective is felicitous in topicalized (i.e., non-neutral) contexts. Thus, this example is felicitous in a context where this restaurant has already been mentioned.
  Contributor: Stephanie Harves

  Words: *Ja pročital knigu interesnuju ètu.
  Gloss: I.NOM read book.ACC interesting this
  Translation: I read this interesting book.
  Contributor: Stephanie Harves

  Words: *Ja pročital knigu ètu interesnuju.
  Gloss: I.NOM read book.ACC this interesting
  Translation:  I read this interesting book.
  Contributor: Stephanie Harves

  Words: V restorane ètom novom ja uže byl.
  Gloss: in restaurant.PREP this new I.NOM already was
  Translation: I was already in this new restaurant.
  Comment: Note that the order Noun Demonstrative Adjective is felicitous in topicalized (i.e., non-neutral) contexts. Thus, this example is felicitous in a context where this restaurant has already been mentioned.
  Contributor: Stephanie Harves

  Words: *Ja pročital interesnuju ètu knigu.
  Gloss: I.NOM read interesting this book.ACC
  Translation: I read this interesting book.
  Comment: 
  Contributor: Stephanie Harves

  Words: V novom ètom restorane ja uže byl.
  Gloss: in new this restaurant.PREP I.NOM already was
  Translation: I was already in this new restaurant.
  Comment: Note that the order Adjective Demonstrative Noun is felicitous in topicalized (i.e., non-neutral) contexts. Thus, this example is felicitous in a context where this restaurant has already been mentioned.
  Contributor: Stephanie Harves

  Contributor: Stephanie Harves

  Words: *Ja pročital interesnuju knigu ètu.
  Gloss: I.NOM read interesting book this.ACC
  Translation: I read this interesting book.
  Contributor: Stephanie Harves

  Words: V novom restorane ètom ja uže byl.
  Gloss: in new restaurant this.PREP I.NOM already was
  Translation: I was already in this new restaurant.
  Comment: Note that the order Adjective Noun Demonstrative is felicitous in topicalized (i.e., non-neutral) contexts. Thus, this example is felicitous in a context where this restaurant has already been mentioned.
  Contributor: Stephanie Harves