Properties |
Values |
Contributor |
Comments |
|
+
01_Subject Verb
|
Yes |
Laura McPherson |
|
 |
Words: Mòòmíyó=gɛ ɲ̀jó=gɛ=nɛ mànd-áa=ỳ. Gloss: scorpion=DEF mat=DEF=OBL disappear-PFV=COP Translation: ‘The scorpion disappeared under the mat’ (251: 434b). Comment: From A Grammar of Tommo So by Laura Mcpherson (2012). Contributor: Hannah Kim |
|
|
|
02_Verb Subject
|
No |
Laura McPherson |
|
 |
03_Verb Object
|
No |
Laura McPherson |
|
 |
+
04_Object Verb
|
Yes |
Laura McPherson |
|
 |
Words: Mí áíH=ɲ̀ màŋgóró ób-aa=be-m. Gloss: 1SG.PRO friend=OBJ mango give-PFV=be.PST-1SG Translation: ‘I gave my friend a mango’ (19: 6b). Comment: From A Grammar of Tommo So by Laura Mcpherson (2012). Contributor: Hannah Kim |
|
|
|
05_Subject Verb Object
|
No |
Laura McPherson |
|
 |
+
06_Subject Object Verb
|
Yes |
Laura McPherson |
|
 |
Words: Ìyǎy=gɛ àn-ná=ɲ̀ ɔ̀mɔ́ kán-aa=be. Gloss: girl=DEF male-HUM.SG=OBJ present do-PFV=be.PST Translation: ‘The girl gave the man a present’ (463: 876a). Comment: From A Grammar of Tommo So by Laura Mcpherson (2012). Contributor: Hannah Kim |
|
|
|
07_Verb Subject Object
|
No |
Laura McPherson |
|
 |
08_Verb Object Subject
|
No |
Laura McPherson |
|
 |
09_Object Subject Verb
|
No |
Laura McPherson |
|
 |
10_Object Verb Subject
|
No |
Laura McPherson |
|
 |
11_Adposition Noun_Phrase
|
No |
Laura McPherson |
|
 |
+
12_Noun_Phrase Adposition
|
Yes |
Laura McPherson |
|
 |
Words: NààL gɛ́m=gɛ ɛ̀nɛ́=gɛ gèŋgèL=nɛ=wɔ. Gloss: cow black=DEF goat=DEF beside=OBL=is Translation: ‘The black cow is next to the goat’ (252: 438b). Comment: From A Grammar of Tommo So by Laura Mcpherson (2012). Contributor: Hannah Kim |
|
|
|
13_Adjective Noun
|
No |
Laura McPherson |
|
 |
+
14_Noun Adjective
|
Yes |
Laura McPherson |
|
 |
Words: yàà-nàL ɛ̀sú=gɛ Gloss: woman-HUM.SG pretty=DEF Translation: ‘the pretty woman’ (160: 240a). Comment: From A Grammar of Tommo So by Laura Mcpherson (2012). Contributor: Hannah Kim |
|
|
|
15_Numeral Noun
|
No |
Laura McPherson |
|
 |
+
16_Noun Numeral
|
Yes |
Laura McPherson |
|
 |
Words: gámmá néé-go Gloss: cat two-ADV Translation: ‘two cats’ (124: 159a). Comment: From A Grammar of Tommo So by Laura Mcpherson (2012). Contributor: Hannah Kim |
|
|
|
17_Demonstrative Noun
|
No |
Laura McPherson |
|
 |
+
18_Noun Demonstrative
|
Yes |
Laura McPherson |
|
 |
Words: Gìnɛ́=gɛ Gloss: house=DEF Translation: ‘The house’ (161: 241c). Comment: From A Grammar of Tommo So by Laura Mcpherson (2012). Contributor: Hannah Kim |
|
|
|
+
19_Possessor Noun
|
Yes |
Laura McPherson |
|
 |
Words: Sáná jàndùlùL Gloss: Sana donkey Translation: ‘Sana’s donkey’ (371: 668a). Comment: From A Grammar of Tommo So by Laura Mcpherson (2012). Contributor: Hannah Kim |
|
|
|
20_Noun Possessor
|
No |
Laura McPherson |
|
 |
21_Pronominal Possessor Noun
|
No |
Laura McPherson |
|
 |
+
22_Noun Pronominal Possessor
|
Yes |
Laura McPherson |
|
 |
Words: ìsé ḿmɔ Gloss: dog 1sgPoss Translation: my dog Comment: post-nominal possessors do not interact tonally with the noun Contributor: Laura McPherson |
|
|
|
A 01_Attributive Adjective Agreement
|
No |
Laura McPherson |
|
 |
A 02_Predicate Adjective Agreement
|
No |
Laura McPherson |
|
 |
+
A 03_Degree Adjective
|
Yes |
Laura McPherson |
|
 |
Words: Gìnɛ̀L sáy-ni ɛ̀sú néé-go=sɛ-m. Gloss: house very pretty two-ADV=have-1SG Translation: ‘I have two very pretty houses’ (163: 249a). Comment: From A Grammar of Tommo So by Laura Mcpherson (2012). Contributor: Hannah Kim |
|
|
|
A 04_Adjective Degree
|
No |
Laura McPherson |
|
 |
AuxSel 01_Auxiliary Selection
|
Yes |
Laura McPherson |
|
 |
C 01_Complementizer Clause
|
No |
Laura McPherson |
|
 |
+
C 02_Clause Complementizer
|
Yes |
Laura McPherson |
|
 |
Words: Gɔ́ɔ́ íg-go=wɔ-m=gɛ y-àá=wɔ. Gloss: dance know-ADV=be-1SG=COMP see-PFV=be Translation: ‘He saw that I know how to dance’ (531: 1004b). Comment: From A Grammar of Tommo So by Laura Mcpherson (2012). Contributor: Hannah Kim |
|
|
|
C 03_Adverbial_Subordinator Clause
|
No |
Laura McPherson |
|
 |
+
C 04_Clause Adverbial Subordinator
|
Yes |
Laura McPherson |
|
 |
Words: Àná=gɛ=diyɛ yò-ì-ɛ̀n. Gloss: rain=DEF=for enter-PFV.L-3PL Translation: ‘They went in because of the rain’ (259: 456a). Comment: From A Grammar of Tommo So by Laura Mcpherson (2012). Contributor: Hannah Kim |
|
|
|
Extra Examples
|
NA |
Cristina Guardiano |
|
 |
N2 01_Numeral Noun (indefinite)
|
No |
Laura McPherson |
|
 |
+
N2 02_Noun Numeral (indefinite)
|
Yes |
Laura McPherson |
|
 |
Words: jàndúlu tɛ́mɛ̀ndɛ̀=le pɛ́-nnɔ̀ sígɛ́(-go) bándáŋkálá=nɛ kɔ́-ɛ̀ⁿ. Gloss: donkey 100=ASSOC 10-5 more courtyard=OBL be.PROX-3PL Translation: ‘There are 150 donkeys in the courtyard’ (169: 264). Comment: From A Grammar of Tommo So by Laura Mcpherson (2012). Contributor: Hannah Kim |
|
|
|
N2 03_Numeral Noun (definite)
|
No |
Laura McPherson |
|
 |
+
N2 04_Noun Numeral (definite)
|
Yes |
Laura McPherson |
|
 |
Words: Jàndúlu tààndú(-go) bándáŋkálá=nɛ=kɔ́-ɛ̀n. Gloss: donkey 3(-ADV) courtyard=OBL=be.PROX-3PL Translation: ‘Three donkeys are in the courtyard’ (167: 257b). Comment: From A Grammar of Tommo So by Laura Mcpherson (2012). Contributor: Hannah Kim |
|
|
|
+
N2 05_Definite NP (Num N, N Num) has a definite article
|
Yes |
Laura McPherson |
|
 |
Words: gámmá néé-go=gɛ=mbe Gloss: cat two-ADV=DEF=PL Translation: ‘the two cats’ (125: 161c). Comment: From A Grammar of Tommo So by Laura Mcpherson (2012). Contributor: Hannah Kim |
|
|
|
+
N2 06_Definite NP (Num N, N Num) has a demonstrative
|
Yes |
Laura McPherson |
|
 |
Words: gàmmàL nèè-gòL nɔ̀=mbé Gloss: cat two-ADV this=PL Translation: ‘these two cats’ (123: 157c). Comment: From A Grammar of Tommo So by Laura Mcpherson (2012). Contributor: Hannah Kim |
|
|
|
N2 07_Definite NP (Num N, N Num) lacks a definite article or demonstrative
|
No |
Laura McPherson |
|
 |
N2 08_Definite NP (Num N, N Num) contains a Plural marker, but Indefinite NP does not
|
No |
Laura McPherson |
|
 |
N2 09_Definite NP (Num N, N Num) contains any other marking
|
No |
Laura McPherson |
|
 |
N2 10_The Numeral has a different form in Definite and Indefinite (Num N, N Num) contexts
|
No |
Laura McPherson |
|
 |
N2 11_The Noun has a different form in Definite and Indefinite (Num N, N Num) contexts
|
No |
Laura McPherson |
|
 |
Neg 01_Standard Negation is Particle that Precedes the Verb
|
No |
Laura McPherson |
|
 |
Neg 02_Standard Negation is Particle that Follows the verb
|
No |
Laura McPherson |
|
 |
Neg 03_Standard Negation is Prefix
|
No |
Laura McPherson |
|
 |
+
Neg 04_Standard Negation is Suffix
|
Yes |
Laura McPherson |
|
 |
Words: mí bàbèL nàmá tɛ̀m-éélè=gɛ Gloss: 1SG.PRO uncle meat eat-NEG.IMPF=DEF Translation: ‘my uncle who doesn’t eat meat’ (133: 178a). Comment: From A Grammar of Tommo So by Laura Mcpherson (2012). Contributor: Hannah Kim |
|
|
|
Neg 05_Standard Negation is Negative Auxiliary verb
|
No |
Laura McPherson |
|
 |
Neg 07_Standard Negation is Tone
|
No |
Laura McPherson |
|
 |
Neg 08_Standard Negation is Tone plus Other Modification
|
Yes |
Laura McPherson |
|
 |
Neg 09_Standard Negation is Reduplication
|
No |
Laura McPherson |
|
 |
Neg 10_Standard Negation is Infix
|
No |
Laura McPherson |
|
 |
Neg 11_Distinct Negation of Class/Property
|
No |
Laura McPherson |
|
 |
Neg 12_Distinct Negation of identity
|
No |
Laura McPherson |
|
 |
Neg 13_Distinct Negation of Existence
|
No |
Laura McPherson |
|
 |
Neg 14_Distinct Negation of Location
|
No |
Laura McPherson |
|
 |
Order N3 01_ Demonstrative Adjective Noun
|
No |
Laura McPherson |
|
 |
Order N3 02_Demonstrative Noun Adjective
|
No |
Laura McPherson |
|
 |
+
Order N3 03_ Noun Adjective Demonstrative
|
Yes |
Laura McPherson |
|
 |
Words: gìnɛ̀L kàndàL ní Gloss: house new that Translation: ‘that new house’ (123: 157b). Comment: From A Grammar of Tommo So by Laura Mcpherson (2012). Contributor: Hannah Kim |
|
|
|
Order N3 04_Noun Demonstrative Adjective
|
No |
Laura McPherson |
|
 |
Order N3 05_Adjective Demonstrative Noun
|
No |
Laura McPherson |
|
 |
Order N3 06_Adjective Noun Demonstrative
|
No |
Laura McPherson |
|
 |
Order N3 07_Demonstrative Numeral Noun
|
No |
Laura McPherson |
|
 |
Order N3 08_Demonstrative Noun Numeral
|
No |
Laura McPherson |
|
 |
+
Order N3 09_ Noun Numeral Demonstrative
|
Yes |
Laura McPherson |
|
 |
Words: gàmmàL nèè-gòL nɔ̀=mbé Gloss: cat two-ADV this=PL Translation: ‘these two cats’ (123: 157c). Comment: From A Grammar of Tommo So by Laura Mcpherson (2012). Contributor: Hannah Kim |
|
|
|
+
Order N3 10_Noun Demonstrative Numeral
|
Yes |
Laura McPherson |
|
 |
Words: TàgàL nɔ̀=mbé ǹnɔ́-go ɛ̀sú-go=wɔ-ɛ̀ⁿ Gloss: Shoe this=PL 5-ADV pretty-ADV=be-3PL Translation: ‘Five of these shoes are pretty.’ ‘These five shoes are pretty’ (203: 334b). Comment: “While some consultants say that both orders mean the same thing, others report that putting the numeral after determiners gives a partitive meaning” (203). From A Grammar of Tommo So by Laura Mcpherson (2012). Contributor: Hannah Kim |
|
|
|
Order N3 11_Numeral Demonstrative Noun
|
No |
Laura McPherson |
|
 |
Order N3 12_Numeral Noun Demonstrative
|
No |
Laura McPherson |
|
 |
Q01_Initial polar Q-marker
|
No |
Laura McPherson |
|
 |
+
Q02_Final polar Q-marker
|
Yes |
Laura McPherson |
|
 |
Words: Ííyé [dìgɛ̀L nàmL] yɛ́llɛ̀=ma. Gloss: today evening sun come.IMPF=or? Translation: ‘Will he come this evening?’ (414: 770b). Comment: “place the question/disjunctive clitic =ma at the end of a sentence, which literally means ‘or’. This is a logical particle to use, since a yes/no question essential asks if the statement is true or is it not true; it is questioning by omission (‘is it true or...?’). As before, I gloss =ma as ‘or?’ indicating its double status as a disjunction and question marker” (415). From A Grammar of Tommo So by Laura Mcpherson (2012). Contributor: Hannah Kim |
|
|
|
Q03_Clause internal polar Q-marker
|
No |
Laura McPherson |
|
 |
+
Q04_Polar question by intonation
|
Yes |
Laura McPherson |
|
 |
Words: Ú ɲ́j-ìyò-dɛ̀-w↑ Gloss: 2SG.PRO lie.down-MP-IMPF-2SG.S Translation: ‘Are you going to bed?’ (414: 770a). Comment: The arrow marks the rising intonation. From A Grammar of Tommo So by Laura Mcpherson (2012). Contributor: Hannah Kim |
|
|
|
Q05_Polar question by V-fronting
|
No |
Laura McPherson |
|
 |
Q06_Polar question by Auxiliary-fronting
|
No |
Laura McPherson |
|
 |
Q08_Affirmative answer by particle
|
No |
Laura McPherson |
|
 |
Q09_Affirmative answer by verb
|
Yes |
Laura McPherson |
|
 |
Q10_Affirmative answer by auxiliary
|
No |
Laura McPherson |
|
 |
Q11_Affirmative answer by auxiliary and verb
|
Yes |
Laura McPherson |
|
 |
Q12_Affirmative answer by particle and verb
|
No |
Laura McPherson |
|
 |
Q13_Affirmative answer by predicative 'be'
|
No |
Laura McPherson |
|
 |
Q16NEGA_Negative answer by special negative particle
|
No |
Laura McPherson |
|
 |
V2 01_Declarative Verb-Second
|
No |
Laura McPherson |
|
 |
V2 02_Interrogative Verb-Second
|
No |
Laura McPherson |
|
 |