| Properties |
Values |
Contributor |
Comments |
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01_Subject Verb
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Yes |
Liliane Haegeman |
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Words: Valère komt morgen. Gloss: Valère come-1sg tomorrow Translation: 'Valère is coming tomorrow.' Contributor: Liliane Haegeman |
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02_Verb Subject
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No |
Liliane Haegeman |
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03_Verb Object
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Yes |
Liliane Haegeman |
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04_Object Verb
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Yes |
Liliane Haegeman |
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Words: k'een dienen boek gekocht Gloss: I have-1sg that-masc sg book bought Translation: 'I have bought that book' Contributor: Liliane Haegeman |
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Words: dan-k dienen boek kopen Gloss: that-1sg-I that-ms-sg book buy-1sg Translation: 'that I buy that book' Contributor: Liliane Haegeman |
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05_Subject Verb Object
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Yes |
Liliane Haegeman |
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Words: Valère kent dienen boek niet Gloss: Valère know-3sg that-masc-sg book not Translation: 'Valère doesn't know that book.' Contributor: Liliane Haegeman |
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06_Subject Object Verb
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Yes |
Liliane Haegeman |
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07_Verb Subject Object
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No |
Liliane Haegeman |
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08_Verb Object Subject
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No |
Liliane Haegeman |
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09_Object Subject Verb
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No |
Liliane Haegeman |
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10_Object Verb Subject
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No |
Liliane Haegeman |
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11_Adposition Noun_Phrase
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Yes |
Liliane Haegeman |
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Words: Valère woon-t in een groot huis Gloss: Valère live-3sg in a big house Translation: 'Valère lives in a big house' Contributor: Liliane Haegeman |
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12_Noun_Phrase Adposition
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No |
Liliane Haegeman |
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13_Adjective Noun
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Yes |
Liliane Haegeman |
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Words: grot-e huiz-en Gloss: big-pl house-pl Translation: big houses Contributor: Liliane Haegeman |
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Words: grot-e huz-en Gloss: bog-pl hous-pl Translation: big houses Contributor: Liliane Haegeman |
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14_Noun Adjective
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No |
Liliane Haegeman |
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15_Numeral Noun
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Yes |
Liliane Haegeman |
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Words: drie boeken Gloss: three book-pl Translation: 'three books' Contributor: Liliane Haegeman |
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Words: drie boeken Gloss: three book-pl Translation: three books Contributor: Liliane Haegeman |
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16_Noun Numeral
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No |
Liliane Haegeman |
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17_Demonstrative Noun
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Yes |
Liliane Haegeman |
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Words: dien-en sjaal Gloss: that-masc-sg scarf Translation: 'that scarf' Contributor: Liliane Haegeman |
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18_Noun Demonstrative
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No |
Liliane Haegeman |
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19_Possessor Noun
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Yes |
Liliane Haegeman |
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Words: Valèresen us; Valèrese broere Gloss: Valère-sen house; Valère-se brother Translation: 'Valère's house' Comment: this pattern is much like the Anglosaxon genitive, sen before a vowel, se before a consonant Contributor: Liliane Haegeman |
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Words: den meester van Frans sen us Gloss: the-masc-sg master of French his house Translation: 'The French teacher's house' Comment: sen before a vowel, se before a consonant Contributor: Liliane Haegeman |
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Words: de juffrouw van Frans sen us/ se broere Gloss: the miss of French sen house/se brother Translation: 'The (female) French teacher's house/ brother' Comment: sen is used with a feminine possessor; sen before a vowel, se before a consonant Contributor: Liliane Haegeman |
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Words: de juffrow van Frans eur us Gloss: the miss of French her house Translation: 'the (female) French teacher's house' Comment: 'eur' is the feminine poss. pronoun. Contributor: Liliane Haegeman |
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20_Noun Possessor
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Yes |
Liliane Haegeman |
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Words: den oto van Valère is kapot Gloss: the-masc-sg car of Valère is broken Translation: 'Valère's car is out of order' Contributor: Liliane Haegeman |
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21_Pronominal Possessor Noun
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Yes |
Liliane Haegeman |
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Words: euren boek Gloss: her-ms.sg book Translation: 'her book' Contributor: Liliane Haegeman |
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22_Noun Pronominal Possessor
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No |
Liliane Haegeman |
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A 01_Attributive Adjective Agreement
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Yes |
Liliane Haegeman |
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Words: de hog-e huiz-en Gloss: the high-pl house-pl Translation: 'the high houses' Contributor: Liliane Haegeman |
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A 02_Predicate Adjective Agreement
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No |
Liliane Haegeman |
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A 03_Degree Adjective
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Yes |
Liliane Haegeman |
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Words: styf groot Gloss: very big Translation: 'very big' Contributor: Liliane Haegeman |
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Words: vree groot Gloss: very big Translation: 'very big' Contributor: Liliane Haegeman |
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A 04_Adjective Degree
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Yes |
Liliane Haegeman |
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Words: een groot genoeg huis Gloss: a big enough house Translation: a big enough house Comment: This examples is marginal for me Contributor: Liliane Haegeman |
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Words: dien-en tekst is lange genoeg Gloss: that-masc-sg text is long enough Translation: 'that text is long enough' Comment: the final -e on lang is not an inflection Contributor: Liliane Haegeman |
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AuxSel 01_Auxiliary Selection
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Yes |
Liliane Haegeman |
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Words: ik een/*zyn gewerkt Gloss: I have-1sg/be-1sg work-part Translation: 'I have worked' Contributor: Liliane Haegeman |
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Words: ik zyn/een vertrokken Gloss: I be-1sg/have-1sg leave-part Translation: 'I have left' Contributor: Liliane Haegeman |
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Words: ik een/zyn dien-en boek gekocht Gloss: I have-1sg/be-1sg that-masc book buy-part Translation: 'I've bought that book' Contributor: Liliane Haegeman |
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C 01_Complementizer Clause
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Yes |
Liliane Haegeman |
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Words: da-n die mensen dat niet wet-en Gloss: that-3pl dem-pl people that not know-3pl Translation: 'that those people don't know that' Comment: the complementiser agrees with the subject Contributor: Liliane Haegeman |
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C 02_Clause Complementizer
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No |
Liliane Haegeman |
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C 03_Adverbial_Subordinator Clause
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Yes |
Liliane Haegeman |
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Words: Marie goat niet kommen omdat Valère a weg is Gloss: Marie go-3sg not come because Valère already away is Translation: 'Mary won't come because Valère has already left.' Comment: the subordinator omdat agrees with the subject Valère Contributor: Liliane Haegeman |
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C 04_Clause Adverbial Subordinator
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No |
Liliane Haegeman |
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Extra Examples
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Yes |
Liliane Haegeman |
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N2 01_Numeral Noun (indefinite)
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Yes |
Liliane Haegeman |
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Words: drie boeken Gloss: three book-pl Translation: three books Contributor: Liliane Haegeman |
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N2 02_Noun Numeral (indefinite)
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No |
Liliane Haegeman |
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N2 03_Numeral Noun (definite)
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Yes |
Liliane Haegeman |
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N2 04_Noun Numeral (definite)
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No |
Liliane Haegeman |
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N2 05_Definite NP (Num N, N Num) has a definite article
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Yes |
Liliane Haegeman |
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N2 06_Definite NP (Num N, N Num) has a demonstrative
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Yes |
Liliane Haegeman |
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N2 07_Definite NP (Num N, N Num) lacks a definite article or demonstrative
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No |
Liliane Haegeman |
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N2 08_Definite NP (Num N, N Num) contains a Plural marker, but Indefinite NP does not
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No |
Liliane Haegeman |
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N2 10_The Numeral has a different form in Definite and Indefinite (Num N, N Num) contexts
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No |
Liliane Haegeman |
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N2 11_The Noun has a different form in Definite and Indefinite (Num N, N Num) contexts
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No |
Liliane Haegeman |
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Neg 01_Standard Negation is Particle that Precedes the Verb
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Yes |
Liliane Haegeman |
Negation niet (or another negative constituent) and (-en) precede the finite verb in non root contexts. |
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Words: dat Valère dat niet weet Gloss: that Valère that not know-3sg Translation: 'that Valère doesn't know that' Contributor: Liliane Haegeman |
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Words: dat Valère dat niet en-weet Gloss: that Valère that not en knows Translation: 'that Valère doesn't know that' Comment: the preverbal particle en is restricted to finite negative contexts but it cannot on its own express negation. It is optional and introduces a pragmatic value: the negative proposition is contrary to what would be inferrable from the discourse/situation. Contributor: Liliane Haegeman |
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Neg 02_Standard Negation is Particle that Follows the verb
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Yes |
Liliane Haegeman |
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Neg 03_Standard Negation is Prefix
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Yes |
Liliane Haegeman |
en- is one of the elements implicated in sentential negation. en- is opitional, always precedes the finite verb (in main and embedded clauses), and must coocur with a negative constituent. see (Haegeman (1998a,b, 2000, 2002). |
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Neg 04_Standard Negation is Suffix
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No |
Liliane Haegeman |
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Neg 05_Standard Negation is Negative Auxiliary verb
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No |
Liliane Haegeman |
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Neg 06_Standard Negation is Higher verb
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No |
Liliane Haegeman |
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Neg 07_Standard Negation is Tone
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No |
Liliane Haegeman |
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Neg 08_Standard Negation is Tone plus Other Modification
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No |
Liliane Haegeman |
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Neg 09_Standard Negation is Reduplication
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No |
Liliane Haegeman |
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Neg 10_Standard Negation is Infix
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No |
Liliane Haegeman |
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Neg 11_Distinct Negation of Class/Property
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No |
Liliane Haegeman |
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Neg 12_Distinct Negation of identity
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No |
Liliane Haegeman |
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Neg 13_Distinct Negation of Existence
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No |
Liliane Haegeman |
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Neg 14_Distinct Negation of Location
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No |
Liliane Haegeman |
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Order N3 01_ Demonstrative Adjective Noun
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Yes |
Liliane Haegeman |
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Words: dien-en dikk-en sjaal Gloss: that-msc-sg thick-masc-sg scarf Translation: 'that thick scarf' Contributor: Liliane Haegeman |
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Order N3 02_Demonstrative Noun Adjective
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No |
Liliane Haegeman |
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Order N3 03_ Noun Adjective Demonstrative
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No |
Liliane Haegeman |
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Order N3 04_Noun Demonstrative Adjective
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No |
Liliane Haegeman |
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Order N3 05_Adjective Demonstrative Noun
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No |
Liliane Haegeman |
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Order N3 06_Adjective Noun Demonstrative
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No |
Liliane Haegeman |
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Order N3 07_Demonstrative Numeral Noun
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Yes |
Liliane Haegeman |
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Order N3 08_Demonstrative Noun Numeral
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No |
Liliane Haegeman |
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Order N3 09_ Noun Numeral Demonstrative
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No |
Liliane Haegeman |
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Order N3 10_Noun Demonstrative Numeral
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No |
Liliane Haegeman |
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Order N3 11_Numeral Demonstrative Noun
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No |
Liliane Haegeman |
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Order N3 12_Numeral Noun Demonstrative
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No |
Liliane Haegeman |
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Q01_Initial polar Q-marker
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No |
Liliane Haegeman |
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Q02_Final polar Q-marker
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No |
Liliane Haegeman |
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Q03_Clause internal polar Q-marker
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No |
Liliane Haegeman |
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Q04_Polar question by intonation
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Yes |
Liliane Haegeman |
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Words: Valère is no Parys geweest? Gloss: Valère be-pres 3sg to Paris be-part Translation: Has Valère been to Paris Contributor: Liliane Haegeman |
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Q05_Polar question by V-fronting
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Yes |
Liliane Haegeman |
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Words: Is Valère no Parys geweest? Gloss: be-pres-3sg Valère to Parys be-part Translation: 'Has Valère been to Parys?' Contributor: Liliane Haegeman |
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Q06_Polar question by Auxiliary-fronting
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Yes |
Liliane Haegeman |
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Q07_Q-marker follows narrow focus
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No |
Liliane Haegeman |
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Q08_Affirmative answer by particle
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Yes |
Liliane Haegeman |
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Words: Is Valère no Parys geweest? Joa-j Gloss: be-pres-3sg Valère to Parys be-part? Yes+he Translation: Has Valère been to Paris? Yes he has Comment: The particle ja (=yes) is inflected like the finite verb and is followed by a clitic form of the subject pronoun Contributor: Liliane Haegeman |
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Q09_Affirmative answer by verb
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No |
Liliane Haegeman |
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Q10_Affirmative answer by auxiliary
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No |
Liliane Haegeman |
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Q11_Affirmative answer by auxiliary and verb
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No |
Liliane Haegeman |
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Q12_Affirmative answer by particle and verb
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No |
Liliane Haegeman |
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Q13_Affirmative answer by predicative 'be'
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No |
Liliane Haegeman |
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Q14_Verb answer to indefinite subject question
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No |
Liliane Haegeman |
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Q15_Particle-and-verb answer to indefinite subject question
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No |
Liliane Haegeman |
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Q16NEGA_Negative answer by special negative particle
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Yes |
Liliane Haegeman |
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Words: Is Valère no Parys geweest? Nee-j Gloss: be-pres-3sg Valère to Parys be-part. No-he Translation: Has Valère been to Paris? No he hasn't Comment: The negative particle nee ('no') is inflected like the finite verb and the complementizer and is followed by a clitic form of the subject pronoun. Contributor: Liliane Haegeman |
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Q17NEGA_Negative answer by bare sentential negation
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No |
Liliane Haegeman |
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Q18NEGA_Negative answer by sentential negation plus bare verb
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No |
Liliane Haegeman |
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Q21ANegQ_Polarity-reversing particle
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No |
Liliane Haegeman |
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Words: Is Valère nie no Parys geweest? Ba joa-j Gloss: be-pres-3sg Valère not to Parys be-part. But yes-he Translation: Hasn't Valère been to Paris? He has! Comment: 'ba' = but is prefixed to the answer. Contributor: Liliane Haegeman |
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Q22ANegQ_Polarity-reversing answer by affirmative and special particle
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Yes |
Liliane Haegeman |
the particle 'ba' (=but) is prefixed to the answer |
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V2 01_Declarative Verb-Second
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Yes |
Liliane Haegeman |
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Words: Valère komt morgen were Gloss: Valère com-3sg tomorrow back Translation: 'Valère is coming back tomorrow.' Contributor: Liliane Haegeman |
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V2 02_Interrogative Verb-Second
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Yes |
Liliane Haegeman |
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Words: 'Wanneer komt Valère were?' Gloss: when come-3sg Valère back Translation: 'When is Valère coming back?' Contributor: Liliane Haegeman |
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