Definition |
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Standard Negation is Higher Verb is set to yes if it is expressed as the sole predicate with a subordinate clause complement, (this would be comparable to: "(it) is.not [that Mary sang])"
Definition of Standard Negation Examples Tongan (Polynesian, Tongic): a. Na’e kei kata ((‘)a) e ongo ki’i ta’ahiné PAST still laugh ABS ART DU CLAS girl:DEF ‘The two little girls were still laughing.’ (Broschart, 1999: 97) b. Na’e ‘ikai ke kata ‘a Pita PAST NEG SUB laugh ABS Pita ‘Pita did not laugh.’ (literally:[it] was not that Pita laugh[ed]) (Broschart, 1999: 104) |
Contributed by: Ljuba Veselinova |
Language | Value | Contributor | Comments |
---|---|---|---|
=Hoan | No | Chris Collins | |
Abaza | No | Brian O'Herin | |
Acehnese | No | Julie Legate | |
Adyghe | No | Yury Lander | |
Afrikaans | No | Theresa Biberauer | |
Albanian | No | Dalina Kallulli | |
American Sign Language | No | Natasha Abner | |
Amharic | No | Girma Demeke | |
Ancient Greek | No | Richard Faure | |
Arabic, Gulf | No | Dimitrios Ntelitheos | |
Armenian (Eastern) | No | Sona Haroutyunian | |
Bafut | No | Pius Tamanji | |
Bajau, West Coast | No | Mark Miller | |
Bambara | No | Bryan Villa | |
Bandial | No | Wolfgang Berndt | |
Bardi | NA | Claire Bowern | |
+ Basaa | No | Paul Roger Bassong | |
Bellinzonese | No | Andrea Cattaneo | |
Beng | No | Denis Paperno | |
Bengali | No | Priyanka Biswas | |
Bole | No | Alhaji Gimba | |
Brazilian Portuguese | No | Bruna Moreira | |
+ Bulgarian | Yes | Ljuba Veselinova | has to be used in sentences with future time reference |
Burmese | No | Timothy Ho | |
Calabrian (Northern) | No | Giuseppina Silvestri | |
Cantonese (Guangzhou) | No | Zixian Qiu | |
Catalan | No | Victoria Mateu | |
Chichewa | No | Sam Mchombo | |
Chickasaw | No | Pam Munro | |
Chol | No | Jessica Coon | |
Cypriot Greek | No | Marios Andreou | |
Czech | No | Pavel Caha | |
Dagaare | No | Adams Bodomo | |
Danish | No | Fabricio M. F. Gerardi | |
Dholuo | No | Hilda Koopman | |
Digo | No | Steve Nicolle | |
Digor Ossetic | No | David Erschler | |
Dutch | No | Hilda Koopman | |
Eastern Armenian | No | Karine Megerdoomian | |
Egyptian Arabic | No | Arwa Rangwala | |
English | No | Chris Collins | |
English (Singapore) | No | Adam Chong | |
European Portuguese | No | Salvador Mascarenhas | |
Ewe | No | Chris Collins | |
Faroese | No | Hjalmar Páll Petersen | |
Farsi | No | Natasha Schimka | |
Finnish | No | Anders Holmberg | |
French | No | Vincent Homer | |
Frisian (West Frisian) | No | Jarich Hoekstra | |
Ga | No | Mary Esther Kropp Dakubu | |
galician | No | Naír García | |
Garifuna | No | Pam Munro | |
georgian | No | Lea Nash | |
German | No | Viola Schmitt | |
Gothic | No | Fabricio M. F. Gerardi | |
Greek | No | Arhonto Terzi | |
Greek (Cappadocian) | No | Petros Karatsareas | |
Greek (Homer) | No | Chiara Bozzone | |
Greek (Medieval) | No | Io Manolessou | |
Guébie | No | Hannah Sande | |
Gungbe (Porto-Novo) | Yes | Enoch Oladé Aboh | |
Gurene | No | Samuel Atintono | |
Haitian | No | Michel DeGraff | |
Hausa | No | Michael A. Estrada | |
Hebrew | No | Ur Shlonsky | |
Hebrew (Biblical) | No | Massimo Gargiulo | |
Hindi | No | Anoop Mahajan | |
Hixkaryana | No | Laura Kalin | |
+ Hungarian | Yes | Anna Szabolcsi | |
Ibibio | No | Willie Willie | |
Icelandic | No | Jim Wood | |
Igala | No | Johnson Folorunso Ilori | |
Igbo | No | Mary Amaechi | |
Iha | No | Mark Donohue | |
imbabura quichua | No | UCLA Linguistics 210 | |
Indonesian | No | Mark Donohue | |
Iron Ossetic | No | David Erschler | |
Italian | No | Adriana Belletti | |
Italian (Napoletano Antico) | No | Adam Ledgeway | |
Italian (Reggiano) | No | Giovanni Roversi | |
Japanese | No | Ken Hiraiwa | |
Jarawara | No | Alan Vogel | |
K'iche' | No | Pam Munro | |
Kashaya | No | John Gluckman | |
Kayan | No | Ken Manson | |
Khasi | No | Gracious Temsen | |
KiLega | No | Kasangati Kinyalolo | |
Kiswahili | No | Aggrey Wasike | |
Kiyaka | No | Lukowa Kidima | |
Kom | No | Richard Kwamong | |
Korean | No | Chung-hye Han | |
Kuot | No | Eva Lindström | |
Kurdish (Sorani) | No | Yadgar Karimi | |
Kusunda | No | Mark Donohue | |
Laal | No | Florian Lionnet | |
Lango | No | Arwa Rangwala | |
Lao | No | Alif Silpachai | |
Latin | No | Fabricio M. F. Gerardi | |
Latin (Late) | No | Chiara Gianollo | |
Lebanese Arabic | No | Lina Choueiri | |
Lithuanian | No | Felix Thies | |
Lubukusu | No | Aggrey Wasike | |
Maasai (Kisongo) | Yes | Hilda Koopman | the past tense uses an invariant verbal form/auxiliary taking the present tense form as its complement. This verb/auxiliary has invariant 3rd person inflection. |
Mada | No | Bebey Théodore | |
Malagasy | No | Hilda Koopman | |
Mandarin | No | Timothy Ho | |
+ Maori | Yes | Ray Harlow | |
Marshallese | No | Heather Willson Sturman | |
Middle Dutch | No | Gertjan Postma | |
Miya | No | Michael A. Estrada | |
Moroccan Arabic | No | Arwa Rangwala | |
Muyang | No | Bebey Théodore | |
N|u | No | Chris Collins | |
Nahuatl (Central Huasteca) | No | John Garcia | |
Nahuatl (Classical) | No | John Garcia | |
Nawdm | No | Hannah Kim | |
nda'nda' | No | Christelle Niguieu Toukam | |
Neapolitan | No | Giuseppe Samo | |
Nepali | No | Mark Donohue | |
Nez Perce | No | Amy Rose Deal | |
+ Nkore-Kiga | No | Hilda Koopman | |
Northern Thai | No | Alif Silpachai | |
Norwegian | No | Marit Julien | |
Nupe | No | Jason Kandybowicz | |
Nweh | No | Hilda Koopman | |
Okinawan | No | Ken Hiraiwa | |
Old English | No | Willem Koopman | |
Old French | No | Heather Burnett | |
Old Norse | No | Fabricio M. F. Gerardi | |
Old Saxon | No | George Walkden | |
Oluwanga | No | Dimitrios Ntelitheos | |
Oluwanga (Eji) | No | Ceciliane Odangah | |
One | No | Mark Donohue | |
panjabi | No | Gurprit Bains | |
Papuan Malay | No | Mark Donohue | |
Pashto | No | Taylor Roberts | |
Pima | No | Marcus Smith | |
Polish | No | Barbara Tomaszewicz | |
Portuguese | No | Fabricio M. F. Gerardi | |
Q'anjob'al | No | Kathleen O'Flynn | |
Romanian | No | Oana Savescu | |
Russian | No | Denis Paperno | |
Salasaca Quichua | No | Pieter Muysken | |
Samoan | No | Vincent Homer | |
San Dionisio Ocotepec Zapotec | Yes | George Aaron Broadwell | |
Sandawe | No | Helen Eaton | |
Scottish Gaelic | No | David Adger | |
Shupamem | No | Abdoulaye Laziz Nchare | |
Sicilian | No | Cristina Guardiano | |
Skou | No | Mark Donohue | |
Spanish | No | Michael A. Estrada | |
Swedish | No | fredrik heinat | |
Swiss German | No | Cecile Meier | |
Tagalog | No | Edith Aldridge | |
Taiwanese Southern Min | No | Arthur Wang | |
Teramano | No | Iara Mantenuto | |
Thai | No | Peter Jenks | |
Titan | No | Claire Bowern | |
Tiwa | No | Virginia Dawson | |
Tlingit | No | James Crippen | |
Tocharian A | No | Bernhard Koller | |
Tocharian B | No | Bernhard Koller | |
Tongan | Yes | Hilda Koopman | |
Triqui, Copala | No | George Aaron Broadwell | |
Tukang Besi | No | Mark Donohue | |
Tuki (Tukombo) | No | Edmond Biloa | |
Tupi (Ancient) | No | Fabricio M. F. Gerardi | |
Turkish | No | Murat Kural | |
Tuvan | No | Mark Donohue | |
Twi | No | Cansada Martin | |
Ukrainian | No | Roksolana Mykhaylyk | |
Vata | No | Hilda Koopman | |
Vietnamese | No | Jimmy Nguyen | |
Warlpiri | No | Margit Bowler | |
West Flemish | No | Liliane Haegeman | |
Western Armenian | No | Hrayr Khanjian | |
Wolane | No | Hannah Kim | |
Wolof | No | Harold Torrence | |
Wuhu Chinese | No | Zhuo Chen | |
Xhosa | No | Xiujie Ma | |
Yémba | No | Elsie Mawamba | |
Yawa | No | Mark Donohue | |
Yoruba | No | Johnson Folorunso Ilori | |
Zulu | No | Claire Halpert |